HBP4

Chapter 6. Herbs, vitamins and healthy cooking for HBP patients
Alternative treatment and therapies have often provided remarkable results in controlling high blood pressure without the significant side effects associated with the intake of antihypertensive medication. Some of these treatment recourses are listed below
Homeopathy: Even though homeopathy seldom has quick cures for an ailment, the efficacy of some homeopathic preparations in curing chronic disorders simply cannot be ignored. As far as high blood pressure is concerned, there are several drugs that can be used to teat the condition in homeopathy, here is a list of these medications; however, it is important to consult with a certified practitioner to find out about the appropriate dosage. Different drugs are prescribed based on the symptoms for instance:
Aurum Metallica: This medication is appropriate for people who have blood pressure due to stress related issues or because of other emotional triggers like anxiety, worry, anger and depression, so it’s ideal for people who are focused on their career and accomplishments. If high blood pressure is accompanied with a strong urge to consume sweets, bread or alcohol at night Aurum may be the perfect solution for you.
Argentum Nitricum: If blood pressure is accompanies by feelings of nervousness and anxiety or if the anticipation of a stressful event leads to disorders like dizziness, palpitation, headaches, diarrhea etc Argentum may be a suitable medication for you.
Belladona: This medication is generally prescribed in cases where the symptoms occur suddenly and are felt with great intensity.
Glonoinum: This remedy is usually prescribed in cases where conspicuous symptoms of blood pressure can be observed such as visible throbbing of the blood vessels, a flushed face or an intense headache. It is also normal to feel congestion in the chest and irregular heart beat or palpitation in these cases.
Naturopathy
Hypertension is treated in naturopathy by making certain life style changes like:
• Reducing weight
• Changing Dietary Habits
• Reducing stress
• Taking additional supplements
• Leading a more active lifestyle

The naturopathic approach aims to increase the amount of potassium in the body while reducing the amount of sodium. In order to accomplish this, a diet rich in raw fruits, whole grains and low processed goods is recommended. When you follow naturopathic dietary changes the red meat, salt and sugar in your diet are replaced with the complex carbohydrates from low fat low cholesterol food items.
Other factors which are known to influence hypertension are also used when creating a diet plan for patients suffering from hypertension. For instance, the recommended food items would be:
• Garlic: Garlic is widely accepted as the miracle food for controlling high blood pressure it is not only used in naturopathy but also in ayurveda.
• Dietary items low in calcium can increase the risk of hypertension particularly in pregnant women
• Magnesium from food products can increase the efficiency of the cardiac muscles and lower the blood pressure making the heart stronger
• Food items rich in vitamin C will also be recommended because hypertension is often associated with alack of vitamin C
• Tome studies have also proven that consuming 12 grams of soluble fiber each day can help to reduce blood pressure
• Supplements that have omega 3 fatty acids like fish oil or flax seed oil supplements are clinically proven to be effective in reducing high blood pressure
• Celery contain a substance called 3-n-butyl phthalide which is very potent in reducing blood pressure
• Instead of artificial diuretics, using natural dietary diuretics can go a long way in reducing your blood pressure without the side effects.
So the recommended diet for patients suffering from hypertension will look something like this:
• Garlic
• Green leafy vegetables that are rich in magnesium and potassium
• Broccoli and citrus fruits that are rich sources of vitamin C
• Fruits like bananas that have a large amount of potassium
• whole grains and legumes for their fiber
• Vegetables like lima beans, carrots, mushrooms, alfalfa, avocados, potatoes and most fruits for their high content of calcium, magnesium and potassium
• Restricted salt intake to reduce sodium levels
• Celery for 3-n-butyly phthalide
• Nuts, seeds, cold water fish like salmon and mackerel for Omega 3 fatty acids
• Supplements of flaxseed oil, lecithin, choline and fish oil may also be used. A vegetarian diet may also be recommended.
The oriental therapeutic food items which are used in naturopathy to treat hypertension include:
• Persimmon
• Mung bean soup
• Chrysanthemum and spinach tea
• Radish
• Cucumber vine tea.

Health Supplements:
COQ-10 Co-enzyme Q10 is an integral component of the mitochondria and it has a very important role in the energy production of the body. Even though this substance is processed in the body, deficiencies are common; the heart is particularly susceptible to COQ10 deficiencies so this supplement can greatly improve cardiac health.
Resveratrol: This is a photoalexin found naturally in plants when they are under attack from pathogens. Resveratrol can also be produced through chemical synthesis; this product acts as blood thinner regulating the blood pressure
Vitamin K: Vitamin K2 prevents the deposition of cholesterol in the aorta and decreases serum cholesterol, so it is very helpful in reducing the risk of atherosclerosis.

Ayurveda
Ayurveda treats hypertension with the prescription of certain herbal remedies and with the help of a technique called dhara therapy
Let’s take a look at the various herbs used in the treatment of high blood pressure:
• Ambarbaris: this herb is not only potent against high blood pressure but also works wonders against jaundice. The blood pressure is lowers due to the dilation of the arteries
• Alfalfa: This is a miracle herb which can yield significant results when used to treat cardiac ailments including those that are caused due to high blood pressure. The fresh leaves of alfalfa are usually used with carrot juice to treat heart conditions.
• Lasuna: Garlic is the most effective herb to treat hypertension; it reduces the pressure exerted on the arteries, brings down the pulse rate, regulates the heart rhythm and also helps in treating conditions like constipation and dizziness that may be caused due to high blood pressure.
• Prajmoda; Parsley helps in keeping the small arteries and capillaries healthy. It can be consumed in beverages made from fresh fruit juices.
• Gandana: Also known a bloogwart, this herb helps to regulate blood circulation by causing perspiration and a better circulation equates to a lower blood pressure
Dhara Therapy: To perform this therapy medicated oils are combined with milk and bala and the mixture is boiled and cooled. The oil thus prepared in put into an earthen pot with a small orifice that allows a gentle trickle of the fluid. This earthen pot is then placed in such a way that the stream of the oil hits the person between the eyes as he/she lies on his/her back on the floor. Dhara therapy is known to yield amazing result if performed consistently each morning for half an hour.
Even though most ayurvedic preparations do not have any significant side effects it is highly recommended that you consult a qualified ayurvedic practitioner instead of opting for self treatment.
Cooking healthy food for HBP patients
You should follow four principles when cooking for a person who suffers from high blood pressure:
• Use very little salt
• Cook food items that are low in cholesterol and saturated fats
• Go for foods that are rich in vitamins and antioxidants
• Cook food items that have high potassium and magnesium content.
To put it simply, your high blood pressure diet should closely resemble a healthy living diet. This certainly does not mean that you have to survive on boiled vegetables but you could certainly make a few small changes for instance, you could choose a baked potato instead french fries or pick a chicken sandwich over a hamburger. The most important aspect of a high blood pressure diet is to limit the intake of food that will cause an upsurge in your blood pressure.
A good way to ensure that you are eating food that fits the recommendations is to cook it at home. Instead of eating packaged food items which generally contain more than the recommended dose of sodium try making our meals at home from fresh or frozen ingredients. Most packaged food items have very few nutrients in comparison to the high value of cholesterol, saturated fat and sodium in them. Also, with home cooking you get plenty of options and you can try out several delicious recipes aimed at cooking for people with high blood pressure.
If you suffer from hypertension you recommended daily intake of sodium should nit exceed 3000 mg per day but through junk food and packaged food items, Americans consume in the vicinity of 7000 to 9000 mg per day. You should also stay away from packaged condiments lie tomato sauce and bottled salad dressing.
Go for Food Items Rich in Magnesium and Potassium:
These two essential nutrients magnesium and potassium can help in reducing blood pressure. Also most fruits and vegetables rich in these salts have low fat, cholesterol and sodium content. So here is a list of fruits and veggies that are particularly beneficial for people with high blood pressure.
For Potassium:
• All Bran products
• Figs
• Apricots
• Raisins and Sultanas
• Dried mixed fruit
• Nuts (unsalted) and most seeds
• Avocados
• Tomatoes
• Bananas
• Potatoes
For Magnesium:
• Broccoli
• Peanuts
• Whole grain cereal
• Oysters
• Spinach
• Soy milk
• Whole wheat bread
• Black beans
• Scallops
Consult a nutritionist or your doctor for a meal plan:
A nutritionist or a doctor will be able to help you make a diet plan that includes food items which play an instrumental role in lowering blood pressure. Also, your physician will be able to advice you on the food items that should be avoided given your condition. Regardless of whether you suffer only from high blood pressure or other ailments as well; your diet should be able to address all your health issues.
Obesity can be a cause for concern in people who suffer from hypertension. If you are overweight you should discuss a weight loss diet plan with your doctor but if your weight is in the normal range your diet may be different.
Precaution over cure
Instead of treating and controlling high blood pressure it is best to take precautions in time to keep it away. Eating food items that help to regulate your blood pressure and keep your heart healthy will certainly help you to prevent the onset of the disorder. Several studies have revealed that there may be a genetic link to hypertension so if one of your parents suffers from high blood pressure you have to be particularly careful with your diet and lifestyle.

Some delicious recipes etc
Chicken Thai Curry with Vegetables
To prepare this mouth watering delicacy you will need:
• 1 pound boneless, chicken breasts with skin removed and cut into 1-inch cubes
• 1 medium red bell pepper, cut into 1- to 2-inch-long strips
• 1 medium onion, halved and sliced
• 1 1/2 cups cauliflower florets
• 2 cups baby spinach
• 1 clove garlic, minced
• 1 tablespoon minced fresh ginger
• 1-2 teaspoons red curry paste, to taste
• 1 cup reduced-sodium chicken broth
• 1 cup “lite” coconut milk
• 1 tablespoon fish sauce alternatively you could also go for reduced-sodium soy sauce
• 1 teaspoon light brown sugar
• 1 tablespoon lime juice
• 2 teaspoons canola oil
Preparation:
Put a non stick pan on the stove and heat some canola oil in it, next add the bell pepper and onion slices and cook till they are tender. This should take about 4 minutes. Then add the garlic, ginger and curry pastes, stir in the ingredients well. Once the pastes are cooked for a little while add the chicken and stir continuously as you cook for 2 minutes.
Now stir in the coconut milk, broth and soy or fish sauce along with the brown sugar. Let the curry simmer then add the cauliflower florets and cook on medium low heat till the cauliflower and the chicken is cooked. Finally stir in the baby spinach leaves and the lime juice, cook for a few minutes till the spinach leaves wilt. Serve hot with some steamed rice and lemon wedges for garnish. Enjoy this delicious meal hot
FAQ:
Q. Can I take ayurvedic medicine with my high blood pressure medication?
A. Yes, ayurvedic medicines can be safely consumed because most herbs do not react with drugs and have no side effects.
Q. What about homeopathic medication, can I take it safely with my blood pressure medication
A. It is important to consult a certified homeopathic practitioner to undertake a homeopathic treatment course for hypertension. Most homeopaths will ask you to discontinue your allopathic medication but it is imperative that you do so only after consulting with your doctor.
Q. Can I use anti smoking sprays and patches with my blood pressure medication?
No, you cannot, the chemicals used in these products are known t react with some of the other drugs so its is essential that you talk to your doctor about the safety of a particular product before using it.
Chapter 7. Staying in Control
Staying in control of your diet, fitness regimens and blood pressure is a wonderful way to keep high blood pressure at bay. So here is some information that will help you to regulate your blood pressure:
The commandments of controlling your blood pressure
1. Go for regular blood pressure check ups; it is important to know what your blood pressure is so that any increase can be controlled promptly.
2. Know your weight, also find out about the appropriate weight for your height from your physician and maintain your weight at or below the desired level.
3. Keep away from salty food; try not to use excessive salt in food items
4. Go for low fat diets
5. If you smoke, quit, if you drink, make sure that your alcohol consumption is moderate.
6. If your doctor has prescribed medication to control your blood pressure, don’t stop taking it unless you consult with your physician. Also do not skip your medication even for a day
7. Don’t forget your doctor’s appointments
8. If your physician recommends exercise routines, follow them diligently
9. Ensue that the other members of your family also get their blood pressure checked at regular intervals
The do’s and don’ts
The Do’s
Always know about the direction in which your blood pressure is moving: Living with high blood pressure can be easy if you are wiling to be ahead of the ailment and to do so it’s imperative to measure your blood pressure regularly. The wonderful part of living in today’s technologically advanced times is the easy accessibility of almost everything including gadgets that can monitor your blood pressure. These devices are very handy and small and you can get your blood pressure reading from the comforts of your own home by using these gadgets. So ensure that you buy a home monitor so that you can keep a record of your blood pressure
Don’t Keep the Doctor at Bay: It is also essential to be in constant touch with your physician; even if you find alternative therapies more fruitful than traditional modern medicine there is no reason to be a stranger to regular visits to the doctor. If you are not sure about the dosage of your medication, it is crucial that you get in touch with your doctor and do not consume the medication in any odd dosage. Also, side effects experienced due to the medicine should be promptly reported
Keep Some Extra Medicine: It is important to always carry your hypertension medication with you so get your refill before you run out of pills. Make sure that you take your medication on time and as directed
Go Healthy: A healthy life style is a very potent weapon against high blood pressure. Talk to your doctor about food items that should be avoided and ones that can be consumed safely. There are several diet programs available in the market that are specifically designed for people who suffer from hyper tension but it is mandatory that you talk to your doctor about any diet that you intend to undertake so that you can avoid potentially perilous situations.
Balance your Meals: Food items that are rich in fiber and have high potassium content are very important for people suffering from high blood pressure. Also, ensure that you eat three well balanced meals that contain an assortment of fresh fruits and veggies and food items from the other 5 groups.
Start Working Out: The best way to keep high blood pressure at bay is to exercise for at least half an hour each day. You can choose a fitness regimen that you enjoy. So anything from a leisurely walk, to cycling, dancing, swimming, yoga or even aerobics will work wonders on your blood pressure.
The Dont’s
Hold the Salt: Excessive consumption of salt can increase your blood pressure so ensure that you reduce the amount of salt or sodium that is added to food items. Always check for the quantity of salt while purchasing ready to eat foods.
Give up drinks and cigarettes: we all know that smoking is bad but did you know that it can cause your blood pressure to hit the roof? So it is quintessential that you either give up smoking entirely, which is highly recommended, or at least reduce the number of cigarettes that you smoke each day. Drinking should also be controlled, remember that moderation is the key here; don’t go beyond two drinks and you should be fine. If you are social drinker, you have little to worry about.
Sleep: If you are one of those people who believe in burning the candle at both ends and putting in 20 hours of grueling work each day, you are putting undue pressure on your body. Lack of sleep may cause an increase in blood pressure. It has been observed that people who get their requisite 8 hours of sleep each day generally have normal blood pressure levels. Lack of sleep can lead to the secretion of stress hormones in the body. These in turn excite the sympathetic nervous system leading to several complications
Lose Weight: If you have packed in a few extra pounds, this is as good a time as any to hit the gym and pull your weight down. Obesity is among the primary causes of several chronic ailments including high blood pressure, cholesterol related issues, and even cardiovascular conditions. You don’t have to go on a stringent diet and starve yourself, just cut back on the size of your portions and try not to overeat. Also, avoid calorie rich food like snacks and junk food.

Action Plan for tomorrow:
1. Take up an exercise routine
2. Go out grocery shopping and come back with items that will help me to control my blood pressure.
3. Start eating home cooked food
4. Practice relaxation techniques, yoga or Tai Chi
5. Take some time to unwind after work.
6. Take breaks while working
7. Take up a hobby
8. Use positive affirmations and visualizations to deal with stressful situations.

HBP3

Chapter 4. A change to an AVTIVE Lifestyle
How to reduce body fat, Exercise mind/body/sprit
You don’t necessarily need to buy every diet plan and exercise video in the market to lose weight. Au contraire to popular belief people don’t actually put on weight because they eat; we put on weight because we eat the wrong things in wrong proportions. For instance, you cannot epact to lose weight if you survive on a diet of jelly beans, cookies, muffins and ice cream. However, this also does not mean that you ought to starve yourself. Simple steps like substituting fat and sugar laden snacks with fruits and nuts, using lean meats, exercising regularly, limiting your fat consumption through dairy products and oil will all go a long way in helping you pull down those pounds.
You also don’t need to invest in expensive exercise videos any physical activity that you enjoy will do. So swimming, dancing, taking your dog out for a walk can all be as effective as those videos. The important thing here is to be diligent and continue with your exercise regimen till you lose weight and after.
Yoga and tai Chi can not only help you to lose weight but are also very effective against stress. Yoga teaches you the proper breathing technique and often acts as a physical therapy against aches and pains.
Stress Management tips
There two ways to manage stress: lifestyle changes and behavioral changes
Lifestyle changes
• Follow a healthy diet
• Exercise regularly
• Get a good nights rest
• Listen to your favorite music
• Take some time out for yourself each day
• Get a massage
• Read a book or watch TV
• Go out with your friends
• Plan your time and set your priorities right
• Take a warm relaxing bath.
Behavioral Changes:
• Recognize the things and factors that stress you out. These can be work or personal life related factors, if it is a person who stresses you out analyze the aspect of his/her behavior that bothers you and consider talking it out.
• When you are stressed
• Take some time out from the hustle and bustle of life
• If you are worried about something sleep on it, things always seem better in the morning
• Remember every cloud does have a silver lining; make a conscious effort to look at the positive side of things
• Learn to say no
• Stop being embarrassed at the prospect of asking for help.
• Quit feeling guilty.

Control your anger today
Anger can not only prove detrimental to your health but also to your relationships, your career and your life in general. Here are some simple tips to control your anger
Remember people telling you to drink a glass of water when you are angry, well this trick actually works, by the time your are done finishing the glass of water your blood pressure goes down a bit and so does your anger.
Learn a breathing technique and practice it diligently, this technique should be used each time you flare up and unless you have taken a few minutes to breathe deeply do not utter a word which you are going to regret later anyway.
Therapies like EFT and reiki also yield remarkable results in anger management
If you cannot consciously control your anger, you may want to consider hypnosis as an alternative. There are several hypnotist who help you to learn anger management without dwelling too much into your past life, they try to influence your present and future instead of mulling over what already happened.
Relaxation through yoga/ Meditation, Affirmations/Visualizations,
If you feel that stress and worries are taking their toll on your life, try yoga and meditation which are very effective stress busters. Meditation will help to calm your down and out things in perspective.
Affirmations and visualization is also a powerful tool to increase your confidence and ward off stress and worries. Try an affirmative self talk the first thing in the morning. If you are worried about a certain factor; for instance, a job interview, visualize yourself giving a wonderful performance a few days in advance; what you are trying to do here is program your subconscious mind.
If you feel that conscious affirmations are not helping, try recording these affirmations and play them at night as you sleep, your subconscious mind is a very good listener and when you constantly bombard it with a specific piece of information it will accept it as the truth. For example, if smoking is your bane, and all attempts to quit have failed, you may want to consider recording positive statements about how good you are going to feel after you quit smoking. Play these as you sleep and very soon you will be influencing your behavior at a subconscious level.
How important are positive thoughts and good, restful sleep?
Your thoughts control both your conscious and your subconscious mind. Has this ever happened to you? You fear that something terrible is going to happen, for instance, you fear that you will get sick right before an important meeting and it really happens, so what would you call this premonition? Not really, it’s just the conscious manifestation of the ideas that you gave your subconscious mind. The way we think, our attitude toward the world often controls every facet of our life. Also being negative has its own share of peril, the first one being that negative thoughts can create an extreme amount of anxiety and stress. So its vital to have a positive outlook towards life
Our sleep patterns control many aspects of our health sleeping less than the stipulated 7-8 hours each day will eventually cause various health concerns like headaches, high blood pressure, erratic heart rate, arrhythmias and even insomnia.
FAQ
Q. Will taking sedatives to sleep help me to lower my blood pressure?
A. Even though a good night sleep is an integral part of your blood pressure management plan, taking sedative is never a recourse. Instead try other options such as a warm soothing batch or a glass of arm milk
Q. Does yoga help in blood pressure control?
A. Yoga not only helps in blood pressure management but also promotes over all well being and helps to reduce weight.

Chapter 5. Facts you should know about HBP Drugs
The common drugs used to treat HBP
The 6 common class of medication used to control high blood pressure include:
ACE Inhibitors: ACE or Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors are drugs that are responsible for working on a hormone known as angiotensin II. This hormone causes the narrowing of the blood vessels causing an increase in the blood pressure. Ace inhibitors reduce the amount of angiotensin II in the body thereby widening the blood vessels and reducing the pressure on the arterial walls. Ace inhibitors also remove the extra sodium and water from the body through urine so they are often used in lieu of diuretics and in combination with other antihypertensive medication.
Diuretics: Diuetics are also known as water pills because they help in the removal of sodium and fluids from the body through urination. By removing the excess water they make the blood vessels of the heart hold less fluids and reduce the pressure on them. Diuretics are used in the initial stages of high blood pressure and they are always used in combination with other medication. Because Diuretics increase the frequency of urination and purge liquids from the body, people on this medication have a strong urge to urinate often and also feel very thirsty.
Calcium Chanel Blockers: Also known as CCB’s or calcium antagonist as the name suggests they lower the blood pressure by preventing the entry of calcium into the arteries which in turn stops the narrowing of these blood vessels. Thee drugs can be used alone or in conjunction with some of the other high blood pressure drugs
Beta Blockers: Beta Blockers impact the functioning of the heart and they reduce the blood pressure by regulating the heart rate. Beta receptors are a naturally occurring substance in our body and the stimulation if this substance often leads to an increased heart rate and consequently an increased blood pressure. Beta blockers are used to block the beta receptors. These drugs are also administered in combination with other antihypertensive medication. These drugs not only lower high blood pressure but also lower the risk of heart attack, stroke, and other heat related disorders.
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers: These drugs are also called ARB’s; their effect is the same as the one produced through the administration of ACE inhibitors. Like the name suggests the block angiotensin receptor and help to increase the internal diameter of the blood vessels reducing the pressure on their walls. These drugs are generally used by people who cannot use ACE inhibitors due to their adverse effects. Like the other drugs ARB inhibitors can also be used alone or in combination with one of the other drugs.
Alpha Blockers: The effect of Alpha blockers is the same as those of Beta blockers; however, the receptor they block are different. These drugs affect the muscles so they are responsible for preventing blood vessel constriction and keeping the inner diameter of the blood vessels widened. The blood that flows through the wider arteries exerts less pressure on the arterial walls; reducing the blood pressure.
All of the above drugs are potent in controlling high blood pressure but each of them uses a different principle to lower blood pressure. These drugs are either used alone or in combination with some of the other drugs in the above list. It is seldom possible to lower the blood pressure with the use of a singular drug. In about one third of the cases three or more drugs are used in combination to get the blood pressure down. Depending on your age, condition and race the doctor will prescribe an appropriate combination for you.
Side effects
All antihypertensive drugs have some side effects so let’s take a look at the adverse reactions that these drugs can create:
Diuretics: Diuretics are used in the early stages of high blood pressure; they reduce the blood pressure by purging out the sodium and excess water from the body, this reduction in the fluid levels of the body causes diuretic side effects including frequent urge to urinate, dehydration and dry mouth. Normally, consuming enough fluids to keep the body hydrated is enough to reduce these side effects Diuretics not only lower the level of sodium but they also reduce the level of potassium in the body. Since Potassium is a vital nutrient it is essential to replenish it and doctors will unjustly recommend that patients on diuretic should consume food items rich in potassium to make up for its loss. Patients who are under diuretics should keep a constant tab on their potassium levels.
Beat Blockers: Since Beta blockers reduce the heart rate to reduce the blood pressure these drugs may cause cardiac ailments like angina, arrhythmias, insomnia, migraine and depression. When taken excessive doses beta blockers may reduce the heart rate dangerously leading to a cardiac failure. Impotency is also a side effect of beta blockers however it is very rare.
ACE Inhibitors: Pregnant women should not use CE inhibitors because these drugs can cause serious side effects in the mother and the fetus. Side effects of this medication can be serious and bothersome with almost 10% of the people who were administered ACE inhibitors complaining of insistent, cough. In some people this drug may lead to allergic reactions like swelling of the face etc. It is important that you consult your doctor at once if any side effects are experienced after using ACE inhibitors because in some cases the side effects can be fatal and have caused renal failure due to a dangerous increase in the potassium levels.
Calcium Blockers: By reducing the assimilation of calcium in the heat cells, these drugs reduce the force of contraction on the heart muscles. Side effects of this drug are mild as compared to those of ACE inhibitors and they include: nausea, constipation, swollen ankles, spells of dizziness, headaches and rashes.
Alpha Blockers: Alpha blockers function in the same way in which beta blockers do, the only difference is that different receptors are blocked by these drugs. The side effects of these drugs include nausea, dizziness, fatigue, headache and other mild issues. These are usually experienced in the initial stages of treatment.
Angiotensin II Blockers: the ARB work like the ACE inhibitors so these drugs are usually prescribed to patients who have experienced severe side effects of ACE inhibitors. The side effects of ARB’ can be very mild and people using the drugs may simply feel slight dizziness intermittently however this drug like the ACE inhibitors should not be administered to pregnant women.
Using two or more of the antihypertensive drugs in combination will increase the risk of experiencing side effects. So it is essential that you only take blood pressure medication under the guidance of your doctor. There is no single combination of high blood pressure drugs that works generically, depending on your age, the extent of your problem, individual needs and your race the doctor will determine the optimal combination of drugs for you. Although these mediations can be used to reduce high blood pressure it is highly recommended that you also look at natural recourses to regulate hypertension like eating a healthy, balanced diet and reducing weight through exercise.
Blood pressure medication has to be taken for life because these drugs do not help in curing the disorder they merely help to control it. However, once the medicines are used to control blood pressure for three or more years and if the readings of an individual are normal while under these drugs for an extended period of time, the medication may be stopped. This particularly holds true for people who have made significant changes to their lifestyle which in turn has had a positive impact on their blood pressure. Even after you stop the medication, regular blood pressure checks are a must. In some patients the blood pressure may remain normal however in others it may start to rise eventually in this case medication can be started again.
Research findings -----( No information)
Consequences of common prescription drugs and OTC drugs
As a person suffering from high blood pressure you will have to make several lifestyle changes which not only include losing weight, exercising and eating healthily but also you should be very careful with the commonly prescribed drugs and OTC medication that you take. Some of these medicines can have a very negative impact on your blood pressure.
People who have a blood pressure of 120/80 or higher should be extremely careful while gulping in OTC medication. Always look for warnings on the labels, some of these medications will distinctly mention that they are not recommended for people who suffer from high blood pressure or these who are on blood pressure medication. If you suffer from high blood pressure the best recourse would be to seek your doctor’s advice on any drugs that you intend to take.
Painkillers: NSAIDs or common painkiller can prove detrimental to your health of you suffer from blood pressure so talk to your doctor about pain relief for high blood pressure victims and also explore alternative remedies to ease pain and discomfort.
Vitamins and other Magic Products: Supplements, vitamins and drinks simply cannot stand for prescribed blood pressure medication. Consult your doctor before trying out any products that claim to lower your blood pressure. Some of these products may interfere with the antihypertensive drugs and the results that you get will be a far cry from the one claimed in the advertisements.
Cough and Cold Medication: Decongestants like ephedrine, naphazoline, levmetamfetamine, oxymetazoline, synephrine etc can interfere with antihypertensive drugs and may even raise the blood pressure in some cases. So always consult with your doctor before taking OTC flu and cold medication
Sodium Content in OTC Medication: It is also important to check for sodium in OTC medications since it can raise your blood pressure. The inactive and/ or active ingredients list will have words like sodium or soda in them to indicate the presence of this salt. Ideally people who suffer from high blood pressure should not let their daily sodium consumption to exceed 1,500 mg but one dose of OTC medication can contain a lot more than this daily allowance
FAQ
Q. Do all antihypertensive drugs have side effects?
A. Yes all medication used for blood pressure control has side effects; however while some drugs may only produce minor side effects, the intake of others may lead to more serious adverse reactions.
Q. So if you start on alterative therapies do I need to continue with my blood pressure medication?
A.Most alternative therapies use herbs and dietary changes to control blood pressure; however, the effects of such measures may not be instantaneous so it is safe to continue on your medication till your blood pressure does not reach the normal level. Also you must consult with your doctor before discontinuing your medication.
Q. Can I not take any OTC medication if I suffer from high blood pressure, what about diet pills and products?
A.You will have to consult with your doctor before taking any medication including diet products if you suffer from high blood pressure.

HBP2

Chapter 2.What are the causes of HBP?:
The Two types of HBP, Primary & Secondary
Based on the causes of high blood pressure, there are two types of hypertension: primary and secondary.
• Primary: Primary high blood pressure also known as essential hypertension is a very common and complex disorder. This type of high blood pressure has no underlying causative factor and it affects almost 95% of the hypertensive patients.
• Secondary: As opposed to primary hypertension, secondary hypertension has an identifiable underlying cause that leads to it
It is important to diagnose the type of hypertension to ensure that that proper treatment is administered; in this case the ailment is treated by treating the underlying causative factors.
Their causes:
Causes of Primary Hypertension
Even though primary hypertension by definition does not have an identifiable cause there are several factors that can increase the susceptibility to primary hypertension such as
• A sedentary lifestyle
• A body mass index of more than 25 (it has been observed that 85% of the patients who suffer from primary hypertension have a body mass index greater than 25)
• Sensitivity to salt (sodium)
• Excessive alcohol consumption
• Deficiency of Vitamin D
• It can also be attributed to aging
• Genetic factors and mutation
• An overactive sympathetic nervous system
• Low birth weight has also been pointed out as a possible factor
Causes of Secondary Hypertension:
The causes of secondary hypertension include:
• Kidney ailments: Several diseases of the kidney are known to cause secondary hypertension; the most common among them is polycystic kidney disease, a cystic genetic ailment of the kidneys. The disorder is characterized by the formation of cysts on both kidneys. The ailment can also damage other vital organs like the liver and pancreas. There have also been cases where the brain or the heart of the patient was affected by PKD. High blood pressure can also be caused due to renal artery related diseases. Apart from these two disorders; neuroendocrine tumors are also known to cause secondary high blood pressure
• Certain Drugs: Certain drugs like NSAID’s like ibuprofen and steroids can lead to hypertension. You may also experience secondary hypertension if you go off antihypertensive medication suddenly; this condition is known as Rebound Hypertension. This condition may also result in a hypertensive emergency because the blood pressure shoots up higher than the initial level once the medication is discontinued abruptly. However, this condition can be avoided by gradually going off hypertensive medication as you reduce the doses so that the body can get enough time to adjust to the reduced dosage.
• Pregnancy: Pregnancy may also lead to high blood pressure in women of child bearing age.
• Inadequate sleep: Another common issue that leads to hypertension is sleep apnea. This condition can be treated through tonsillectomy, nasal continuous positive airway pressure or one of the several other treatment recourses
Q & A’s (answers to questions connected to the chapter)
Q. Which is more common primary or secondary hypertension?
A. Primary hypertension which has no identifiable reason is more common with more than 90% of the hypertensive patients suffering from it.
Q. Which is more dangerous?
A. Both are equally dangerous however, secondary hypertension point to an underlying health concern which may often be the causative factor. Depending on the gravity of this condition secondary blood pressure may sometimes be more dangerous. For instance, a common cause of secondary blood pressure is a renal disorder known as polycystic kidney disease which may result in eventual renal failure.
Q. If I don’t suffer from primary hypertension does it mean I am safe?
A. If you lead a healthy and active life style there is no reason why you should develop hypertension. However, if you are a heavy smoker and drinker and enjoy junk food, you may have just been lucky to not have developed the disorder already. But there are always chances that you may run out of luck and before you know it, you will be diagnosed with hypertension. So its always best to take precautionary measures like opting for regular exercise routines and healthy well balanced meals.
Q. Do lifestyle factors have any bearing on secondary high blood pressure?
Yes, even though secondary blood pressure has an identifiable health condition that leads to it life style factors like obesity, sedentary life style, unhealthy eating habits, inadequate sleep, excessive smoking and drinking may worsen the condition.
Q Will my diet influence my primary blood pressure?
Yes, it will, your diet is one of the primary factors in blood pressure control. While a healthy diet low in sodium, saturated fats and cholesterol will help you in controlling your runaway blood pressure, not taking the necessary dietary precautions may lead to disastrous results. People with high blood pressure are extremely susceptible to cardiac ailments which can worsen if you have unhealthy dietary habits.
Q. What are the symptoms of primary hypertension?
A. Most people who suffer from primary hypertension do not experience symptoms and usually the disorder is diagnosed through routine medical exams.
However, if not controlled in time there may be a significant increase in blood pressure which may then cause symptoms like:
• Headaches particularly early in the morning; normally headaches related to high blood pressure originate behind the eyes.
• Vomiting and nausea
• Visual disturbances
• Chest pains
• Heart attack
• Renal Failure
• Stroke
• Peripheral arterial damage
• Abnormal heart beat
• Eye damage
Q. How is secondary hypertension treated?
A. Secondary hypertension is often treated with a combination of medication and surgical procedure. The treatment option will depend on the health condition that causes secondary hypertension.
Chapter 3.Controlling your blood pressure through your weight
How does obesity impact high blood pressure?
Several Medical Studies have proved that a link does exist between obesity and high blood pressure. People who are overweight have a higher blood pressure than people with a normal weight. Obesity not only increases the risk of high blood pressure but also of cardiovascular disorders. Research has revealed that obesity leads to an increase in the cardiac activity, output, volume of blood pumped out and the arterial resistance. Quite simply more blood is needed to feed the extra mass of fats and in cells in individuals who are overweight. Obesity is also a crucial factor in the hyper secretion of insulin. This insulin in turn causes several changes in the body that may predispose to perilous outcomes; for instance:
• It causes the thickening of the walls of the blood vessels which leads to an increase in their rigidity and a consequential increase in the blood pressure
• Obesity is also responsible for inducing the reabsorption of water and sodium into the body through the kidneys. This leads to an increase in the blood volume causing the blood pressure to shoot up.
• Obesity is also causes an increase in the out of the heart because there is excessive secretion of adrenalin in the body.
• Being overweight also leads to the development of oversensitivity to sodium; this is a known cause in increased rigidity in the peripheral arteries.
• When subjected to the hyper secretion of insulin for an extended period of time, the body develops a natural resistance to it; this in turn leads to the further increase in the synthesis of insulin, causing a rise in the blood pressure.
The obesity and high blood pressure are so closely related that even a decrease of 2.2 pounds in your weight will cause a decrease of 1mm/hg in your blood pressure.
A study conducted at the University of Cambridge has identified the exact cause of blood pressure increase due to obesity. According to the researchers, as your weight increases, more fats are stored into the body; these fats produce a hormone called leptin. The excessive leptin then enters the blood stream and reaches the brain. Here it triggers the MC$R which in turn triggers the sympathetic nervous system leading to an increase in your blood pressure.
Where can obesity and high blood pressure together lead?
There are several risks associated with both hypertension and obesity including cardiovascular disorders and coronary issues. However, if you suffer from both at the same time your risk factor is doubled. Here is a list of some of the complications that can be attributed to obesity.
Obesity leads to an increase in blood pressure by increasing the volume
Obese people have more visceral fat, which is the fat around the organs in the viscera/ abdominal cavity; these fats secrete angiotensinogen which in turn makes angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor which induces the kidneys to absorb more sodium.
High blood pressure is responsible for 395,000 deaths in the US alone while obesity is responsible for 216,000 deaths making them the second and third risk factors that lead to death after smoking.
Obesity is known to increase an individual’s susceptibility to over 50 health problems
Being overweight causes type 2 diabetes which in turn can cause serious health complications related to the kidneys, eyes, nerves and heart.
A study conducted by Harvard where obese people were tracked for 10 years revealed that their chances of developing diabetes increased 20 times due to obesity, it also augmented the risk of stroke, gallstone and heart diseases.
Cardiac issues and stroke: People who are overweight showed a marked increase in their susceptibility to heart disorders. One of the reasons for this is the increase in the blood pressure and the cholesterol level caused due to obesity. These two factors together lead to concurrent health issues; for instance, if we were to look at the statistics, blood pressure is 6 times more common in overweight people. An increase of 22 pounds would lead to an increase of 3mm/hg in the systolic blood pressure and this would equate to a 12% higher risk of heart ailments.
Diabetes: The close links between diabetes and obesity has led researchers to coin a new term known as ‘diabesity’. The statistics are equally starling here, with an astounding 90% of type 2 diabetes sufferers being overweight. Diabetes if not controlled, can lead to several other conditions such as limb amputations, blindness, renal failure etc and unfortunately there is no way to cure diabetes it can just be controlled.
How can you lower your cholesterol?
Cholesterol is a lipid or fatty substance found in the outer lining of the cells. These lipids eventually enter the blood stream; the two major sources of this fatty substance are liver production and dietary intake. This cholesterol is considered primarily responsible for arterial blockages leading to stroke and heart attack. Fortunately, there are several ways to keep your cholesterol level in check such as: life style and dietary changes and through medication.
Lifestyle changes:
Go from fat to fit: Obesity is big contributor to the production of cholesterol. Even if you lose a few pounds it can create a marked impact on your cholesterol levels. To begin with you need to analyze your eating habits. Remember that dietary intake also leads to an increase in cholesterol levels.
Choose heart healthy food: A diet that is rich in fiber and other food items that are known to reduce cholesterol may help to lower the overall cholesterol level in the body as much as medication.
Go for healthier fats: Saturated fats and trans fat will increase your total cholesterol level. The saturated fat found should not be responsible for more than 10 percent of your calories each day. Monosaturated fat in canola and peanut oils is healthier.
Avoid trans fats: These are found in commercial baking and baked products like cookies, margarine etc. Not only do trans fats increase the level of bad cholesterol but they also decrease the level of good cholesterol
Reduce your consumption of cholesterol: Make sure that you consume no more than 300 mg of cholesterol if you are healthy and less than 200 mg if you have an underlying heart condition.
Eat whole grains: Ensure that you go for products like bread, pasta etc manufactured from whole wheat flour, Also oatmeal, brown rice and oat bran are good items to reduce cholesterol levels
Increase your consumption of fruits and veggies: Frits and vegetables have a high content of dietary fiber, which helps to lower cholesterol levels. Instead of choosing fat and sugar laden snacks go for a fruits.
Fish and more Fish: Some fishes which are rich in Omega 3 fatty acids help to keep your heart healthy such as mackerel, tuna and salmon.
Limit Alcohol Consumption: Control your alcohol consumption; you should consume no more than one drink a day if you are a woman and no more than two drinks if you are a man.
Regular Exercise: Working out for 30 to 60 minutes each day can help to lower your cholesterol. You can choose an outdoor activity that you enjoy; for instance, swimming cycling or jogging.
Quit Smoking: Smoking not only causes severe pulmonary problems and cancer but it is also responsible for reducing your HDL cholesterol level.
Good vs. Bad cholesterol
Cholesterol is attached to proteins in the blood together they form lipoproteins. These lipoproteins can be categorized as high and low density. Not only cholesterol but also fats called triglycerides can prove precarious for your health and have a bearing on the overall cholesterol in the body.
Bad Cholesterol: Low density lipoproteins or LDL are known as bad cholesterol, this type of lipoprotein has very little protein and more fat, this is carried by the blood stream from the liver to the other parts of the body. Because of the high content of fat it can pose the risk of coronary artery disease.
Good Cholesterol: HDL or high density lipoproteins are considered to be good cholesterol. HDL prevents cholesterol build up in the arteries because it is made up of more proteins and less fat. It also helps clear LDL from the body. A diet high in HDL protects against heart disorders
The importance of eating healthy
Food can be one of the most potent weapons against high blood pressure. If you eat healthily, you can get the same benefits as you would by taking drugs to lower your blood pressure level. When choosing food to battle high blood pressure you need to remember that two dietary factors; salt and fat will have a major impact on your blood pressure levels. The idea behind an anti high blood pressure diet should be to restrict the consumption of these two components which will help to maintain your weight or may even help in reducing it. The daily allowance of salt should not exceed 2400 miliigrams.
The things to avoid
• Butter milk because its high in sodium
• Cheese and cheese spreads
• Canned fish including salmon, sardines, tuna and mackerel, if you do want t consume canned fish, make sure you rinse it properly it wash away the salt.
• Salty snacks including chips, pretzels, french fries, pork rind and nuts.
• Quick meals like quick cooking rice, instant noodles, pizza, potpies, frozen dinners etc.
• Canned vegetables, instead opt for fresh vegetables
• Instant soup and canned soup
• Condiments like soy sauce, ketchup, garlic salt, barbecue sauce, steak sauce, meat tenderizer, onion salt etc
• Pickles and relishes like olives, herrings, sauerkraut.
Some food items that can do wonders
• Fresh and frozen fish
• Chicken and Turkey (without the skin)
• Lean meat
• Loaf bread, English muffins, pita bread, bagel and dinner rolls
• Cereals (low sodium content)
• Plain noodles and rice
• Skimmed milk
• Fresh and frozen vegetables
• Soups (low sodium content)
• Fruits
• Specific vegetable oils
• Spices and herbs such as oregano, parsley, garlic, onion
• Fruit juices and vinegar.
Do water and dark chocolates really help?
Water can regulate the viscosity of blood. When we drink enough water it prevents the thickening of the blood and thin blood can flow through the blood vessels smoothly. Also, drinking a lot of water will keep your body free of toxins. When you exercise and the other demands of a hectic lifestyle depletes the body of necessary fluids and by drinking water you hydrate the body. In fact, the consumption of water is known to improve your metabolic rate. Drinking ample of water also helps the kidneys to purify the blood , if the blood flow to the kidney is limited because of lack of water, the kidney will pass a signal to the brain telling it to constrict the blood vessels which will further increase the blood pressure. So it is essential to have an adequate amount of eater each day.
Dark chocolate and cocoa contain anti oxidant rich compounds called flavonoids. These flavonoids are also found in fruits and plants. These compounds can offer great health benefits and are responsible for several favorable heart effects similar to the ones produced through the consumption of red wine and vegetables and fruits. Dark chocolate helps to reduce blood pressure because its rich in flavonoids. It also improves insulin sensitivity.
FAQ
Q. Should stop eating salt all together?
A. No your body needs salt even though very few people have experienced favorable results through salt restriction it is imperative to not over consume salt.
Q. Will any chocolate do?
A. No, you should only eat a small piece of dark chocolate each day to get the benefits for its flavonoid content. Other chocolates may end up giving you too much sugar and increasing your weight.
Q. What type of diet is highly recommended for patients with high blood pressure?
A. Even though there are several diets like DASH that are recommended for high blood pressure patients you could also use a Mediterranean diet which is rich in fruits, fish and olive oil as a preventative measure.

HBP

Foreword
The current economic turmoil is teaching people to live within their means, spend their money wisely and to save for a rainy day. And, the best way to achieve some of these objectives is to opt for prevention over cure.
When left to its own means, the smallest issue can turn into a big pain. Let’s take the instance of the plumbing in your house. Do you know how much it costs these days to get a plumber to make a house call? More than $100 and this does not include the amount of money that you would have to spend to replace the damaged parts and subsequent plumber visits. But, all this could have been avoided if you would have taken proper preventative measures in time. When the plumber does show up he may have the strong inclination to get to the heart of the matter directly so he will take out the pump from the central heating system only to find out that there is nothing wrong with it.
Soon, the plumber will figure out that it’s not the pump but the pipes through which the hot water is being pumped that are furred or may even be totally blocked. And this has led to the added pressure on the pump, wasting energy and preventing the smooth flow of water. Also, sometimes the furring and the ensuing problems permanently damage the pump. Now if you are wondering what the plumbing in your house has to do with your blood pressure, there is a marked similarity between the central heating system described above and your heart and blood vessels.
Just like the pump in the central heating system, your heart circulates the fluid, which is your blood, around a closed system. Several factors have a bearing on the thickness of your blood. It’s easy to determine which flows easier water or oil. The heavier oil demands more work to make it flow around than water does. When your blood assumes the thickness of heavy oil, it is more difficult to push it through the blood vessels. As your blood thickens your heart has to work overtime to raise the pressure and continue to circulate oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body. This increase in pressure leads to hypertension.
But sometimes it’s not the thickness of the blood that is the culprit. The furring or the blockage in the blood vessels is so bad that it reduces their diameter to almost zero and this can be a potentially fatal condition leading to a possible heart attack or even a stroke. So, the next obvious question running through your mind must obviously be-“ is there something I can do to prevent this?” Yes there is. Get a plumber or take preventative measures in time to stop the eventual loss of money, time and to do away with the pain, discomfort and the danger associated with letting a professional plumber (doctor) handle the central heating system of your body.














Chapter 1.
An Introduction to High Blood Pressure
What is Blood Pressure?
Blood pressure is the force exerted by the blood pushing against the arterial walls as it flows through the blood vessels. If the blood pressure stays high over a prolonged period of time it can be very harmful for the body. High blood pressure qualifies as a disease of the blood vessels and not the heart. The normal blood pressure of an adult should be below 120/80 mm Hg. Normally, physicians often follow a range that lies between 120/80 and 140/90. However, a blood pressure reading above 120/80 should still be considered high because blood pressure is an individual and relative factor. So, what holds true for one person may not necessarily to another individual. Most experts recommend that every patient should be treated as an individual and blood pressure management system should be personalized.
Now, let’s discuss the factors that lead to the development of high blood pressure. To understand why we develop high blood pressure it is important to understand the structures that are responsible for the movement of the blood through the body.
The blood vessels (arteries) have a lining on the internal walls which is made of a sheet of cells known as endothelium. This wall of endothelium acts as an interface between the blood vessel wall and the blood that flows through them. These endothelium cells are responsible for the control and regulation of blood pressure and they are extremely sensitive to pressure and the shearing force exerted by fast flowing blood. When exposed to continuous shearing force, these cells get damaged and this in turn causes endothelial dysfunction. This is often considered to be the primary cause of atherosclerosis (arterial blockage).
So needless to say, a healthy endothelium would equate to clearer blood vessels. Apart from this, it is equally necessary to remove oxidative stress, a condition in which unpaired oxygen electrons as well as other free radicals attack and damage normal cells, and reduce inflammation both of which simply add to the problem. Other aspects that contribute to the development of high blood pressure include vascular smooth muscle dysfunction and autoimmune factors.
The viscosity of the blood plays a vital role because the flow of blood is directly affected by how thick or thin it is at any given point in time. Now, there are several factors that will affect the viscosity of blood which can change constantly throughout the day. For instance, there is a change in the viscosity of blood when digested food is absorbed, sent through the liver and eventually distributed to the other organs of the body. Many doctors believe that thinning out the blood will reduce the risk of heart attacks and strokes but using drugs to achieve this result is a solution that carries risk factors of its own. On the other hand natural remedies like garlic have proved to be equally potent in achieving similar results without the side effect.
Finally, the macro and micro nutrients that we derive from the food that we eat are also essential factors in this equation. Even though there are several drugs that are being used in blood pressure management, your diet still plays a large part in the battle against high blood pressure. The food items that we eat, the way in which they are cooked, grown and preserved all have an impact on the nutrients that we get from them. It is normal for doctors to ask hypertensive patients to reduce their salt intake. However, research has indicated that this recommendation is almost futile because only 1 out of 1000 patients who have been placed on salt restriction showed a measurable reduction in blood pressure. Instead a healthier alternative approach would be to increase potassium intake to offset the sodium being taken in through processed and preserved food items.
It is also vital to analyze the effect of essential nutrients on your blood pressure levels; primarily the minerals, enzymes and vitamins that are responsible for everyday metabolism. All vitamins including A, B, C, D, E and particularly D3 are important. Apart from these, Vitamin K2 is responsible for keeping calcium out of the smooth muscles layers of the blood vessels and other soft tissue where it should not be. This in turn will have a major impact on the incidents of arteriosclerosis –the hardening of the arteries- which makes them inflexible and is a major factor in pushing blood pressure upwards. Even though there are other factors as well, the above thoughts do generate the possibility of a preventative approach.
So in a nutshell to control your blood pressure you need to:
• Take care of your heart: If it functions like a pump, you can be sure that it’s going to need good maintenance like a pump as well. Many times heart failures can be squarely attributed to a reduction in the number of functional mitochondria. An enzyme known as Ubiquinone plays a part in ensuring the continuous and maximum operation of the mitochondria. Fortunately for us, there are several versions of the enzyme easily available in the nutritional markets. Also, you simply can’t ignore the fact that your heart is after all a muscle and just like exercise helps you to build you biceps and triceps, exercising your heart will strengthen it.
• Take care of the Pipes: To take care of the pipes it is essential to take care of its internal lining, which in case of blood vessels is the endothelium.
• Take Care of Blood Viscosity: The consistency of your blood is in no way static and depending on the direction in which the consistency changes and to what extent, you may have to face some serious effects on your blood pressure. For example, a few hours after eating, as the products of digestion are being absorbed, the viscosity goes up until the liver can remove the excess and store them away. If this condition is transient, the body can deal with it but if it becomes too regular difficulties may arise. The type of food you eat also contributes to the viscosity and a high fat, high carbohydrate diet is not helpful.


What is high BP? Systolic/Diastolic pressure
At any given point in time your blood pressure varies between the maximum and the minimum pressure known as systolic and diastolic respectively. When the heart is in between beats and is at rest your blood pressure falls as the blood moves away from the heart and is sent to the others organs of the body through the arteries, at this time, fresh blood fills the chambers ready for the next beat; this is known as diastolic pressure while the pressure is highest when the heart is actually pumping the blood out. This is known as systolic pressure.
Your blood pressure is usually expressed as two numbers; of these the first number is systolic pressure and the second number is diastolic pressure. So a blood pressure reading of 120/80 indicates a systolic pressure of 120 and a diastolic pressure of 80. A person’s blood pressure is usually measured at the upper arm, checking the blood flow through the brachial artery that lies at the inside of the elbow. This is the major blood vessel of the upper arm responsible for carrying blood away from the heart. However, sometimes BP can also be measured at the ankle and with emerging technologies; we can now measure blood pressure at several points in the body.
Dangers of HBP
High blood pressure has rightly been called the silent killer because it works silently for years damaging your body before you see any obvious effects. This is certainly not a condition that should be ignored or left unchecked because it may lead to severe disability or may even cause a fatal heart attack. Here is a list of some health conditions that are caused due to hypertension (high blood pressure).
Arteries:
Healthy arteries are elastic, flexible and strong; their inner endothelium lining is smooth to facilitate the smooth flow of blood to supply the vital organs and the tissues with the necessary nutrients and oxygen. However, consistent high blood pressure can cause several problems such as:
Aneurysm: This is a condition where weakened arterial walls when subjected to continuous high blood pressure develop a bulge and enlarge in certain areas. These bulges can potentially rupture causing life threatening internal bleeding. Even though any artery in the body can form aneurysm it is commonly seen in the aorta which is the body’s largest artery making it an extremely dangerous and often fatal condition.
Arteriosclerosis: A hardening of the arteries can be attributed to the damage caused to the cells of the arterial lining due to high blood pressure. This in turn results in an extremely harmful cascade of events that eventually result in the arterial walls becoming thick and stiff. Current findings show that the main cause is deposition of calcium into the muscle layer of the affected arteries.
These hardened arteries become susceptible to fat accumulation from the fats that enter the blood stream through the diet causing a condition called atherosclerosis. The reducing diameter of the blood vessels can prove detrimental to several organs of the body such as the kidneys, arms, legs, eyes, brain and the heart. These blockages can cause several other problems like heart attack, heart failure, chest pain, stroke, aneurysm and peripheral arterial disease.
The Heart: Since the heart is responsible for pumping the blood out any blockages in the arteries or thickening of the blood can cause undue pressure on it and so uncontrolled blood pressure can cause several heart related ailments such as:
Heart Failure: When your heart is subjected to high blood pressure continuously for a prolonged period of time the heart muscles weaken and cannot work efficiently, Eventually the muscle fatigue results in wear out and failure. Damage caused due to heart attacks further worsens the problem.

Coronary Artery Disease: As the name suggests, this disease affect the blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscles. Coronary artery disease narrows the diameter of the arteries which in turn prevents the free and unrestricted flow of blood through the arteries leading to frequent chest pains. This condition can also be caused if the blood flow is blocked due to arteriosclerosis. When the blood flow to the heart muscles is restricted or has to pass through blockages you may not only experience chest pains but even go into a heart attack or experience irregular heart beat known as arrhythmias. People with a history of heart attack and high blood pressure are more likely to experience fatal heart attacks.
Enlarged Left Heart: The heart has to work harder in case of high blood pressure to pump the blood through the body, this in turn causes the left ventricle to stiffen and enlarge, the principle is quite simple when you lift weights your biceps enlarge, this is what happens with your heart as well when it’s overworked. But this enlargement prevents the ventricle from pumping blood to the body and increases the risk of heart failure, heart attack and sudden cardiac death.
The Brain
High Blood pressure can also cause several brain related problems because like the other organs in your body you brain also need nourishing blood supply for proper functioning. These problems include:
Stroke: You get a stroke when a part of your brain is starved of oxygen and nutrients causing the cells in that area of the brain to die. Uncontrolled and consistent high blood pressure can damage the blood vessels that carry blood to the brain, weakening, narrowing or rupturing them leading to a stroke. Also high blood pressure can cause blood clots in the blood vessels to the brain greatly increasing the risk of a stroke. Aneurysm or the bulging and enlargement of a particular section of the artery is also possible in the blood vessels responsible for blood supply to the brain. This may result in rupturing of an important blood vessel causing fatal bleeding in the brain.
Transient ischemic attack (TIA): This condition is also known as a mini stroke and is caused due to a brief interruption in the blood flow to the brain. Common causes of this condition include: blood clot and atherosclerosis both of which are known to occur due to high blood pressure. A transient ischemic attack is often a prelude to a full blown stroke.
Dementia: Dementia is a disorder that results in impaired speaking, thinking, reasoning, vision, movement and memory. Even though several factors can lead to the condition, one of them is inadequate blood supply to the brain caused due to narrowed or blocked arteries. This condition may also be caused after a stroke. In either case, high blood pressure is often the primary causative factor. Even people who suffer from high blood pressure in middle age may suffer from dementia later in life.
Mild Cognitive Impairment: This condition can impact attention, reading, writing, language, critical thinking, memory and reaction time. It is often the transition stage in the impairment of memory and understanding that occurs due to old age or serious conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. Like some of the other brain conditions mentioned above, this too can be caused due to blocked blood supply to the brain caused by high blood pressure.
The Kidneys: The kidneys are responsible for purging the toxins out of the body in the form of urine. They form the body’s filtration system. The blood that passes through the s is filtered and the waste and excess fluids are removed through this process; however, the efficacy of the filtration process largely depends on the heath of the blood vessels that go in and out of the kidneys. High blood pressure can damage these blood vessels leading to several kidney related complications. If a person suffers from diabetes matters can quickly get worse.
Kidney Artery Aneurysm: As defined earlier aneurysm is a bulge in the arterial wall which may lead to the rupturing of the blood vessel. When the aneurysm occurs in an artery that leads to the kidney, the condition is known as kidney artery aneurysm. One of the causes of aneurysm is atherosclerosis, a disorder that damages the arterial walls. When subjected to continuous high blood pressure the weakened arterial wall bulges. Aneurysms are prone to rupturing which can lead to fatal internal bleeding.
Kidney Failure: Among the most common causes if kidney failure is high blood pressure; it can damage the large arteries that lead into the kidneys and also the tiny blood vessels known as glomeruli. Damage to the blood vessels prevents the kidneys from filtering the toxins from your body. This in turn can lead to the accumulation of unwanted fluids and toxins in the body and you may have to opt in for a dialysis or a kidney transplantation procedure to get rid of them.
Kidney Scarring: Also known as glomerulosclerosis; this condition is caused due to the damaged glumeruli, blood vessels inside the kidney that are responsible for filtering the blood and removing the excess fluids and waste. This disorder often precedes a renal failure because it hampers the kidneys ability to filter waste.
The Eyes:
Like all the other blood vessels in the body which can get damaged as a result of high blood pressure, arteries feeding the optical muscles and tissues may also be impacted by high blood pressure. Some of the eye related ailments that can be attributed to high blood pressure are:
Fluid accumulation under the retina: this condition is known as choroidopathy and it is characterized by the accumulation of fluids under the retina due to a leaky blood vessel. The disorder can lead to impaired or distorted vision.
Optical Nerve Damage: The blocked fluids may exert pressure on the optical nerve damaging it permanently. This will lead to the death of the cells which may in turn cause internal bleeding and even loss of vision.
Damage of the Optical Blood Vessel: High blood pressure can also damage the blood vessels that feed the retina, optical muscles and the other parts of the eyes. Depending on the extent of damage these blood vessels may leak or have blockages. Both conditions will lead to internal bleeding in the eye, swelling of the optic nerve, microaneurysm and loss of vision. The level of risk is augmented if you also suffer from diabetes.
Other Complications:
Bone Loss: High blood pressure can also cause the loss of calcium from the bones; this calcium is purged out of the body through the urine. Because high blood pressure increases the frequency of urination it may lead to an excessive loss of calcium from the body resulting in loss of bone density and osteoporosis. Women in their senior years are particularly susceptible to this problem.
Sleep Disorders: Hyper tension can also cause sleep apnea, a condition in which the throat muscles relax causing loud snoring. This condition is observed in 50% of the people who suffer from high blood pressure. Recent studies have pointed to the fact that hypertension may trigger sleep apnea. Sleep deprivation can also play havoc with your blood pressure level.
Sexual Issues: Although erectile dysfunction is a condition that is primarily attributed to aging, men with blood pressure at greater risk of developing the problem.

Other Ailments associated with HBP
Research has revealed conclusive links between high blood pressure and several other chronic ailments. It has also been observed that people who suffer from high blood pressure are more susceptible to disorders like stroke, blood clots and heart attack. Also, liver problems, hormonal issues and kidney problems can be attributed to high blood pressure or can contribute to its development. Some of the common ailments which may be caused due to high blood pressure or which may cause high blood pressure include:
Acute Coronary Syndrome: This is a group of diseases that are caused due to cardiac muscle damage. Even though the disorder has symptoms like angina it is an advanced cardiac issue. The typical symptoms of acute coronary syndrome are shortness of breath, chest pains, sweating, palpitation and nausea.
Headaches: Frequent headaches are often a symptom of high blood pressure. Studies conducted over several decades have pointed to the presence of headaches in people who suffer from high blood pressure.
Atrial Fibrilation: Atrial fibrilation is a term used to define an irregular heart beat and it can be a potentially fatal condition if not treated in time. People who suffer from high blood pressure stand higher chanced of developing this condition because these individuals may have a larger than normal heart.
Coronary Artery Disease: People with high blood pressure also run the risk of developing coronary artery disease.
Myths and truth about HBP
Given the sheer number of people who suffer from high blood pressure it is not surprising to see several myths doing the rounds of the cyber world. It is important to recognize them for what they are and separate them from the facts. Here is a look at some of the classic myths and truths associated with high blood pressure
Myth 1: I don’t have a hyper personality so I will not suffer from high blood pressure
Truth: Anybody can suffer from high blood pressure regardless of his/ her personality type, age, gender, race etc. Children and seniors are as susceptible to it as adults.
Myth 2: People who don’t develop hypertension by the age of 55 will never suffer from it.
Truth: People at every stage of life can develop hypertension. So it is imperative to continue taking measures to prevent its onset.
Myth 3: Blood pressure and Cholesterol levels are equally proportional to each other
Truth: This is not always true, while some individuals may suffer from high cholesterol levels and high blood pressure at the same time but this is not a hard and fast rule.
Myth4: Normal blood pressure should be 120/80 mmHg
Truth: Not any more; currently, according to the guidelines set by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, the normal blood pressure of a healthy person should be below the level of 120/80 because people with blood pressure levels as low as 115/75 are also known to suffer from heart attacks, cardiovascular disorders and strokes.
Myth 5: There are no side effects to the antihypertensive drugs available in the market today.
Truth: There have been some development in the manufacture of new drugs with fewer side effects; however, a drug with no side effects that can control blood pressure still eludes researchers. Some of the drugs do increase your chances of developing type 2 diabetes and may even cause other side effects like impotency and nausea. While some medications do not affect your chances of developing diabetes they may cause weight gain, some others may even increase the risk of heart disorders.
Myth 6: A high systolic blood pressure does not have to be a cause for concern but high diastolic pressure should not be ignored.
Truth: Both systolic and diastolic pressures are equally important and a higher than normal reading of even one of them should not be left unchecked. Current research has revealed that it is of paramount importance to treat a higher than normal systolic pressure in older patients while treating a higher than normal diastolic pressure in younger patients is equally crucial.
Myth 7: A healthy diet does not help to control your blood pressure
Truth: Eating a balanced and healthy diet can not only lower your blood pressure but also keep other ailments like diabetes, cancer, stroke and heart attack at bay. A healthy diet is often more potent than drugs.
Myth 8: Developing high blood pressure is a part and parcel of getting old
Truth: There is nothing natural about high blood pressure and if you have lead a healthy lifestyle as a young person there should be no reason for you to develop high blood pressure later in life.
Myth 9: The hypertensive drugs may lead to erectile dysfunction and even impotency and there is nothing you can do about it
Truth: Even though some hypertensive medications do cause sexual dysfunctions, you can always talk to your doctor about it and get your medication changes. There is certainly no reason to live with it because there are several drugs that are being used to control high blood pressure.
Blood Pressure Monitoring Systems
An extremely important step in controlling high blood pressure is checking your blood pressure at regular intervals; however, its may not always be possible to dash over to the doctors just to get your blood pressure checked, Fortunately, home blood pressure monitors are now easily available in the market. If you suffer from high blood pressure it is vital to ensure that the prescribed medication is producing the desired results and the only way to determine this is to keep a record of your blood pressure levels.
Sometimes, people are so high strung about the results of their blood pressure check that the mere thought of stepping into the doctor’s office makes their blood pressure go through the roof. In this case, a blood pressure monitor can be very handy. With a home monitor you can save the time and money that you would have otherwise spent to meet the doctor; also, with these devices you can take your blood pressure anywhere and at any time.
However, most people find the task of choosing a home monitor harrowing with the numerous types of monitors available in the market.
The four common types of home blood pressure monitors are:
Manual arm-style monitors: These are monitors that are used by doctors usually in surgeries
Automatic arm-style monitor: The principle of this device is the same as the one used in the manual monitors but you will not have to inflate the cuff manually which makes the entire process significantly easy
Wrist-style monitor: In this type of monitor the cuff is slipped on the wrist and not on the arm but otherwise it is similar to the arm-style monitors.
Finger-style monitor: These are very small and can be easily slipped on to the finger although the device is strikingly similar to the arm-style monitors.
All of these different types of monitors are equally effective and handy; however the arm-style monitor is more accurate because it measures the pressure closer to the heart while the finger-style and the wrist-style monitors will give a lower than actual reading.
If the different types of monitors have stunned you, the number of brands will prove daunting. But most doctors recommend Omron monitors because they are all independently validated for accuracy. This means that your can be absolutely sure that your readings are accurate.
A survey reported in the British Medical Journal found that people who regularly monitored their blood pressure had greater chances of achieving their target blood pressure than people who relied on monitoring done at the doctor’s office.
FAQ
Q. What are the common causes of high blood pressure?
A. Several factors can lead to the development of high blood pressure such as:
• Excessive salt consumption
• Sedentary Lifestyle
• Leading a stressful lifestyle
• Being insulin resistant
• Dietary habits that involve the consumption of food items with low content of potassium and magnesium
• Obesity
• Excessive drinking and smoking
• Aging
Q. Can high blood pressure be prevented?
A Yes, making certain lifestyle changes can help you to prevent the onset of hypertension such as:
• Indulging in an outdoor activity that serves as a workout regimen, this can include walking, swimming, cycling, jogging or even dancing.
• Keeping your body mass index in the range of 18.5 to 24.9
• Maintaining a healthy weight
• Reducing the intake of sodium to less than 2300 gms
• Putting a cap on alcohol consumption
Q. What should I do if I have high blood pressure?
If you are experiencing some or all of the symptoms associated with high blood pressure, you should promptly see a doctor. Depending on your condition, the physician will recommend a course of treatment that will involve a combination of two or more drugs. You may also be asked to make certain lifestyle changes. It is imperative to check your blood pressure regularly if you suffer from hypertension.